Power for AI factories

The AI revolution runs on power. We bring our own.

Rhyolite Geo develops generation behind the meter and the modular AI factories that sit beside it, so the racks never wait on a utility queue.

What we build

Four things, developed together on one property line

Each power system is coupled to the AI factory it feeds, and the factories are joined into one larger system. The load is built to the power that stands beside it.

ONE · THE POWER

Generation behind the meter

Gas engines and fuel cells carry the volume at existing gas hubs. Solar, wind, geothermal and nuclear neighbors co-locate, and every hour they deliver is fuel not burned.

How geothermal pairs with gas
TWO · THE AI FACTORIES

Modular halls, sized to the plant

Standard modules from 10 MW to a 47 MW self-powered site, on an 800 volt DC ring from engine to rack. A single chip cycle retires the racks, not the building.

See Glass Ball
THREE · THE NETWORK

Small sites, joined into one

High-speed Ethernet over fiber joins the smaller data centers as nodes into one larger system, so ten island sites can work as a campus without its grid tie.

Bring us a site
FOUR · WIND AND SOLAR

The farm's bus, with gas behind it

A wind and solar farm already has its interconnection. We tap its bus to feed a 30 to 60 MW AI factory, and fuel cells on a gas line carry the hours the sun is down and the air is still.

See Wind and Solar
Why it matters

Waiting for the grid is the most expensive thing an AI factory can do

5–6yrsUtility queue for a large load in the busiest marketsEnverus, Time to Power
122daysColossus in Memphis, start to finish, on modular gas enginesNatural Gas Intelligence
10%Spare capacity a fleet of engines needs, against 50% for a large turbine plantEnverus, Time to Power
$10–12MAn AI data center's earnings per megawatt a year, forgone while it waitsCleanview, Bypassing the Grid
Featured project

Glass Ball, Okmulgee County, Oklahoma

Illustration · the site plan, built one block at a time
In development · drawing set REV B

A 91.5 acre parcel beside I-40, east of Henryetta. The hall and its power are drawn at one size for the first time: every row of racks has its own fuel cell stamp and its own 800 volt DC bus, with no rectifier and no UPS between the gas pipe and the rack.

Racks
384
Computing
57.6 MW
Fuel cell stamps
36
First power
Market dependent
Ways to work with us

Three doors in

Bring us a site

You hold land, a closed plant or a gas tap. We run it through the siting engine: five steps, seven fatal screens.

Take capacity at ours

You need megawatts and a date. We bring the power, the hall and the network; you bring the GPUs and the fit-out.

Develop with us

You bring capital or a neighbor's power. Every project is priced from fuel to token in a sourced pro forma before land is taken.

Rendering of a 30 MW tilt-up data center campus with its generation yard
Designed once, built many times

Thirty megawatts is the same hall, repeated.

Tilt-up walls, a pad, a power spine and a fence. The generation yard is permitted for the last engine on the first day, and the racks arrive a row at a time against demand that is already signed.

Illustrative design rendering · 30 MW tilt-up campus
From the drawing board to the engine hall

What a campus with its own power looks like

Our design renderings, and the reciprocating-engine plants already running elsewhere that show what the generation side becomes. Drag or scroll to look closer.

30 MW tilt-up campus rendering
30 MW tilt-up campusOur illustrative design rendering
Modular data center with its own generation
Modular hall with its own generationOur illustrative design rendering
Modular power plant rendering
Modular power blockOur illustrative design rendering
20-cylinder Jenbacher gas engine
One 20-cylinder gas engine, about 5 MWNot a Rhyolite project. Photo Benedikt Schneider, CC BY-SA 3.0

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Illustration · a town hall on Halloween night · tap a question

Ask us anything

A site near you, a project waiting on power, a resource with output to spare. Bring the question; a person answers it.

What people ask us

One inbox for every question

What we build

If your project is waiting on power, send us the load and the date.

Roughly where, roughly how much power, and when you need it. One short message is the whole process: no sequence of follow-ups, no newsletter.

Glass Ball

Interested in capacity at Glass Ball?

The hall is offered to one anchor tenant who brings the GPUs. Send us your load and your date.

Site services

Looking at a county, a parcel or a resource?

Send us the area and what has to reach it. We will tell you what the ground says.

Geothermal

Holding a geothermal resource, or a plant with output to spare?

We pair it with a battery system and build the hall beside it. Send us the site, the temperature and the date.

Extended Networks

Sites that should work as one?

Send us the locations and the power at each. We will draw the network that joins them.

Send us the load and the date.

Roughly where, roughly how much power, and when you need it. One short message is the whole process: no sequence of follow-ups, no newsletter.

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Okmulgee County, Oklahoma · in development

Glass Ball

384 racks of AI computing on 36 Bloom fuel cell stamps, running as an island. No grid tie, no utility queue, and a hall that comes up a row at a time.

Computing
57.6 MW
Racks
384 × 150 kW
Fuel cell skids
312
Parcel
91.5 acres
First power
Market dependent
Illustration · one pod of twelve, simplified from drawing set REV B, not to scale
The build, one pod at a time

One pod, in the order it goes up

  1. Pad and hall slabs
  2. Gas lateral, header, a branch to each stamp
  3. Two row stamps · 10 × 325 kW, 2 spare
  4. Cooling stamp · 6 skids
  5. 800 V DC row bus · ultracapacitors
  6. Dry condenser yard · thermosyphon lines
  7. 32 racks · 16 a row × 150 kW
  8. Hot-aisle containment
  9. Commissioned · 2 rows, 4.8 MW · × 12 pods = 57.6 MW
The site

Picked by what was already there

Glass Ball sits beside I-40, 2.3 miles east of Henryetta. ONEOK's gas line runs 2.47 miles to the north-west, and PSO's Henryetta 138 kV substation is 2.29 miles away for construction power. A grow facility was planned on the parcel in 2018 and never built.

The county site screen ranked two nearby spots at 82 and 80 out of 100 on resources. They stand behind Glass Ball as alternates.

Why fuel cells

At this size, the wire and the engines both run out

At a 77.2 MW peak the hall is above Oklahoma's 75 MW large load line, where the queue is about five years and a large transformer alone takes three to four. Engines at this load cross the formaldehyde line where the air permit changes class.

Fuel cells make no formaldehyde and come up one stamp at a time.

How it is powered

Gas pipe to rack, with nothing in between

Every row of 16 racks has its own stamp of ten 325 kW skids feeding an 800 volt DC row bus. A row runs on eight of its ten skids, so the two spares are the backup. Ultracapacitors on each bus carry the GPUs' swings while the stacks ramp.

Each pod has a second stamp for its cooling. Twelve yards of dry condensers reject the heat by thermosyphon, with no process water.

Gas8" lateral Row stamp 10 × 325 kW · 2 spare ultracap 800 VDC 16 racks × 150 kW

One row of 24. No rectifier, no UPS. Simplified from sheet E/M of drawing set REV B.

Walk the power path

Six phases from the gas line to the cooling yard

ISLAND · NO GRID TIE × 24 ROWS = 57.6 MW Gas 8" lateral 2.47 mi Row stamp 10 × 325 kW · 2 spare ultracap 800 VDC 16 racks × 150 kW Cooling yard dry · thermosyphon

One row of 24, drawn as a walk-through. Simplified from drawing set REV B.

The hall, a row at a time

Twelve pods, twenty-four rows, one stamp each

ROWS ON24 / 24
RACKS384
COMPUTING57.6 MW

Illustrative sequence. Each stamp is commissioned on its own, so the hall can run part-built.

Schedule

From the first calls to first power

  1. MONTH 0

    Calls go out

    Fuel cell quote, firm gas requests, a parcel option, construction power.

  2. MONTHS 0–3

    Secure the site

    Survey, title and a Phase I run in parallel. Under $1 million at risk.

  3. MONTHS 3–9

    Define and permit

    Firm transport signed, easements for the lateral, an anchor tenant letter.

  4. MONTHS 9–12

    Commit

    Equity, debt term sheet, independent engineer. Notice to proceed at month 12.

  5. MONTHS 12–24

    Build

    Shell, pads and cooling yards go up. Each stamp is commissioned on its own.

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Site location · land · resources · power · gas · fiber

We read the ground before anyone builds on it

Finding the site, evaluating it and the resource under it, securing the land and the right-of-way, and bringing power, gas and fiber to the fence. The same work that put Glass Ball where it is, offered to others.

What we do

Find it, secure it, connect it

A site is only as good as what reaches it. We work the whole path from a county map to a parcel with gas, wire and fiber at its edge, and hand back a site file you can build or bank on.

01 · FIND

Locate and evaluate

Site location
Screening counties and parcels against gas, transmission, fiber, water, flood and permit lines, then ranking what is left.
Site evaluation
Walking the ground: access, title flags, environmental screens and the distance to every utility that has to reach it.
Resource exploration
Looking for the heat, gas or other resource a site can draw on, from published data and field work.
Resource evaluations
Sizing what is there, with the paper resource and the recoverable resource kept apart.
02 · SECURE

Land and rights

Land
Parcel options, purchases and leases sized to the build and its buffers.
Right-of-way
Routing and acquiring the corridors for a lateral, a line or a cable, and the easements along them.
Landman and property assistance
Title and ownership research, owner outreach, lease and easement negotiation, and curative work.
03 · CONNECT

Bring it to the fence

Electrical power distribution
Construction power, on-site distribution and the medium and low voltage design behind it.
Gas
Firm supply and transport requests, lateral routing and the tap.
Fiber
Carrier routes, diverse paths and the build to the site.
How it runs

From a map to a site file

  1. STEP 1

    Screen

    Every parcel in the search area scored on the resources a build needs, and the short list handed back with the reasons.

  2. STEP 2

    Walk the ground

    Field visits, title and environmental checks, and the routes for gas, power and fiber drawn and priced.

  3. STEP 3

    Secure

    Options, leases and easements signed, so the site is held before money goes into the build.

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Geothermal · the plant and a battery, no gas line

The only renewable still running at four in the morning

When the hall sits beside a geothermal plant, there is no gas line. The plant carries the load and a battery system sits between it and the racks: firm output around the clock, no fuel to buy, and cooling from the same ground.

Illustration · binary plant, air-cooled, battery containers beside it
Capacity factor
85–95%
Lifecycle carbon
15–55 g/kWh
Fuel cost
Zero
Land per MW
1–8 acres
Binary resource
100–180 °C
Why pair them

The plant and a battery on one bus

A data center is the least forgiving load there is: continuous, indifferent to the weather, and expected to hold better than 99.99% uptime. Beside a geothermal plant there is no pipeline to lean on, so the ground carries the base and a battery system carries everything that has to happen fast.

Both sit on the same 800 volt DC ring. The binary unit runs flat out as the base. The battery takes the swings a training run puts on the bus, rides through a well or a turbine dropping out while the plant rebalances, and carries the hall through maintenance. It is sized for speed and ride-through, not to store a night, because the ground does not set the way the sun does.

Battery (BESS) load swings ride-through Binary geothermal runs flat out as the base production · reinjection 800 VDC ring AI racks cooling from the same ground

Concept. Geothermal fluid stays in a closed loop and is reinjected; nothing is vented.

Capacity factor

Where every other renewable breaks against a data center

Geothermal85–95%
Wind, onshore25–45%
Solar PV15–25%

Geothermal carries the highest capacity factor of any generating technology, renewable or otherwise, and it is firm on its own. The battery beside it handles speed, not supply.

Carbon, lifecycle

Ninety to ninety-seven percent below natural gas

Geothermal, binary15–55 g
Natural gas, CCGT~450 g
Coal~900 g

CO₂ equivalent per kWh. At 50 MW and a 95% capacity factor, about 416 GWh a year, geothermal in place of gas avoids on the order of 170,000 to 180,000 tonnes of CO₂ every year.

Dual use

The same resource that powers the racks also cools them

Cooling is 30 to 40% of what a data center consumes, and a power contract normally cannot touch it. Unless the power comes from the ground.

ABSORPTION

Waste heat drives the chillers

Heat from generation runs absorption chillers directly, displacing electric mechanical cooling, and pays back hardest in the hot climates where conventional cooling is worst.

PUE

From 1.4–1.8 toward 1.03

Full geothermal integration in a cold climate approaches 1.03. Captured properly, powering and cooling from one resource improves project economics by 20 to 40%.

Fuel cost

Zero, and it stays zero for thirty to fifty years

The heat source is the Earth. There is no commodity to hedge and no fuel escalator to negotiate. Operations and maintenance run 2 to 5% of installed cost a year and do not move with a fuel market or a rate case.

With no gas line to the site, no fuel price appears anywhere in the power cost. Every megawatt-hour comes from the ground, and the battery only moves it in time.

Footprint

One to eight acres per megawatt

Geothermal1–8 ac
Solar PV5–10 ac
Wind30–60 ac

Most of the plant is underground, so the generation and the hall that uses it share one parcel instead of competing for it.

The machine in the picture

Binary cycle, closed loop, built at data center scale

MODERATE TEMPERATURE

100 to 180 °C

An ordinary resource temperature across a great deal of the western United States. The resource does not have to be exotic to be useful.

CLOSED LOOP

Nothing vented

A secondary working fluid turns the turbine and the geothermal fluid is fully reinjected, so direct emissions are near zero.

THE RIGHT SIZE

1 to 50 MW a unit

Not a plant a data center has to be scaled up to meet. It is a plant a data center already fits.

High-pressure geothermal

One well, three streams: heat, pressure and gas

Deep under the Gulf Coast, hot brine sits sealed at pressures well above hydrostatic, carrying natural gas dissolved in it. A geopressured well brings all three to the surface at once, and a hybrid plant turns every one of them into power. No pipeline comes in: the only gas is what the brine carries up, burned at the wellhead.

HEAT

Hot brine to a binary unit

The brine leaves the separator hot enough to run a closed-loop binary turbine, then goes back down the injection well.

GAS

Methane out of solution

Gas that breaks out of the brine at the separator fuels engines on site. Their exhaust heat goes back into the binary cycle instead of up the stack.

PRESSURE

Energy at the wellhead

The brine arrives under high pressure, a third stream a hydraulic turbine can take ahead of the separator.

Geopressured well Separator gas / brine Gas engines on wellhead gas Binary unit closed loop Power out to the hall Injection well brine gas exhaust heat cooled brine Hybrid cycle engines and binary share the heat
Schematic · the hybrid layout DOE ran at Pleasant Bayou, Texas

It has been built and run

The U.S. Department of Energy ran a hybrid geopressured plant at Pleasant Bayou on the Texas Gulf Coast from October 1989 to May 1990, gas engines and a binary turbine on one brine stream, selling power to the local utility. The run ended because the injection well needed rework, not the plant.

Design gross output
1,191 kW
Availability
97.5%
Capacity factor
80.2%
Sold to utility
3,445 MWh
Hybrid uplift
+21–31%

DOE, Geopressured-Geothermal Hybrid Cycle Power Plant (1991) and Eaton Operating Co. final contract report (1992). Gross output was 650 kW of gas engines plus 541 kW of binary turbine. Uplift is the hybrid's net output over a separate binary plant plus a separate fossil plant on the same brine and gas, across 280 to 360 °F resources.

How we develop it

The heat is developed in phases, against the racks it has to carry

The hall is fast because it repeats. The resource is slow because it has to be proven, and pretending otherwise is how geothermal projects get into trouble. So the first halls go beside plants already generating, and the battery, not a gas line, smooths each step up as a phase comes on.

  1. FIRST

    Screen on paper

    Temperature at depth, the wells and surveys somebody already paid for, the output a plant has to spare, and the distance to the fiber. A resource is ranked before any land is taken.

  2. THEN

    Start beside what is proven

    Confirming a reservoir is the expensive step, so the first pairings sit beside plants already generating, where somebody else drilled and proved it years ago.

  3. AS THE HALL FILLS

    Drill to the load

    Wellfield phases follow building phases, each triggered by how full the last one is, so drilled capacity and installed racks move together. Racks come on only against output already proven.

The work behind it

None of this is written from a brochure

40+Studies of our own: resource, technology, cost and strategy
130+Source documents held: DOE, USGS, NREL, state and academic
330Indexed source texts, machine-readable and queryable
60GWDOE's GeoVision target for U.S. geothermal by 2050DOE GeoVision

Resource assessment. A Great Basin screen of the developable resource measured against the operating fleet, a master assessment of the Texas geopressured resource, and drill-cluster ranking with field-size estimates, with the paper resource and the recoverable resource kept apart.

What is changing. Global capacity heads from about 16 GW in 2023 to 25 to 30 GW by 2030. Drilling is the cost, and new methods could cut well cost by 50 to 70%. Supercritical rock above 400 °C could yield five to ten times the power per well.

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Sun when it shines, wind when it blows, gas for the rest

AI factory
30–60 MW
Solar, capacity factor
15–25%
Wind, capacity factor
25–45%
Firm power
Fuel cells
Hall bus
800 VDC
Why the farm's bus

The connection is already built

A renewable farm is built around its interconnection: a substation, a collector bus and a queue position that took years to win. On a bright, windy afternoon it can make more than the line will take. A hall on the same bus uses those megawatts at the fence.

The racks do not care about the weather. They draw the same load at noon and at three in the morning, so the farm is never asked to be firm. Fuel cells on a gas lateral sit beside the hall and follow the gap: they carry whatever the sun and the wind do not, and all of it on a still night.

Every megawatt-hour the farm delivers is a megawatt-hour of gas the fuel cells do not burn.

Solar array while the sun is up Wind turbines while it blows Farm bus substation grid 480 VAC Cooling dry coolers, pumps, fans 480 VAC loads lighting, controls, house Fuel cells on the gas line gas lateral 800 VDC ring AI racks · 800 VDC only

Concept. Sun and wind run the cooling and the 480 VAC loads through the farm bus; the fuel cells feed the 800 VDC ring, and the ring feeds only the 800 VDC equipment.

A day on the bus

The weather changes all day. The load does not.

MIDDAY

The sun carries the hall

Solar output peaks while the racks draw flat. The fuel cells turn down to their floor, and what the hall does not use goes out through the farm's interconnection as it always has.

EVENING

The wind takes the handoff

On many sites the wind rises as the sun sets. Whatever the two give, the fuel cells make up the difference, so the racks never see the change.

STILL NIGHT

The gas carries everything

No sun and no wind. The fuel cells carry the full load on their own, which is why they are sized for the whole hall and not for the gap.

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Dedicated fiber · distributed AI fabric

One AI fabric, many smaller sites

We join remote, right-sized sites into one compute fabric over a fiber network of their own. Each site is built to the power that is already there. Together they work as one.

Illustration · not a route map
Light in fiber
~5 µs / km
Within 100 km
< 1 ms
The path
Dedicated
Site size
To the power
Failure domain
One site
Why spread it out

A gigawatt in one place puts every risk in one place too

A single giant campus needs one interconnect sized to a city, one water draw, one town to absorb years of construction, and it sits under one storm track. When it waits, all of it waits. When it goes down, all of it goes down.

Spread across sites, each of those is a fraction. A site that fits the gas lateral or the geothermal unit already beside it gets built at that size, and comes online when its own power does, not when a gigawatt transmission upgrade finally clears.

One campus 1 interconnect · 1 water draw 1 failure domain Extended network 6 sites · each on its own power 1 fabric on dedicated fiber
Schematic · not to scale
What it buys

Smaller sites, sooner power, lighter on every town

SITE SIZE

Built to the power that is there

A row stamp, a pod, a hall: each site matches the gas, heat or wire it already has, so nothing waits on a generation project bigger than the place can carry.

SPEED

Online a site at a time

Every site energizes on its own schedule and joins the fabric the day its fiber lights. Capacity arrives in steps instead of all at once at the end.

FOOTPRINT

Lighter on any one place

Land, water, traffic and construction spread across counties. No single community absorbs a gigawatt, and no single permit holds the whole program.

RESILIENCE

A storm takes a site, not the fleet

Weather, a fuel event or a fiber cut is contained to one node. The fabric routes around it and the rest of the sites keep working.

PRIVACY

A path nobody else rides

Traffic between sites stays on fiber we route, secure and light, never on a shared public path.

GROWTH

Add a node, not a campus

The next increment is another site on the ring, placed where the next block of power is, not another building squeezed onto the same parcel.

The fabric, in motion

Cut a span. Take a site down. Watch it route around.

Six to nine halls on a ring of dedicated fiber with one cross-link. Click a span to cut it or a site to take it offline, and the fabric finds the next shortest path. Pick six, seven, eight or nine halls, and the view menu switches the picture: the topology, the optics each span needs, any path between two sites, the latency a training step pays, and the capacity on the glass.

SIMULATION · NOT LIVE DATA
SITES ONLINE6 / 6
FABRIC CAPACITY100%
REACHABILITYEvery site
WORST PAIR, ONE WAY–
PATH A → D–
PROTECTIONStanding by

Pick a failure, or click any span or site on the map.

Distance is latency

Light in glass covers about 200 km a millisecond

So we place work by how tightly it has to talk, and place sites by the distances that work can stand. Route miles always run longer than the straight line, and we price the real route.

  1. INSIDE THE HALL

    Tightly coupled training

    GPU-to-GPU traffic that has to finish every step stays inside one site, on its own switch fabric.

  2. UNDER A MILLISECOND · ~100 KM

    Metro fabric

    Close enough to share storage, mirror data synchronously and split jobs that talk often.

  3. A FEW MILLISECONDS · REGION

    Work that talks less

    Jobs that exchange results on a schedule, checkpoints and replicas, batch runs, and inference served close to its users.

One-way propagation in fiber, before equipment delay
How we build it

Route it, light it, join the next site

We are not starting from a blank map. Our site services team has already done extensive work routing fiber optic paths, so the first private network configurations are under way.

  1. STEP 1

    Route

    The same right-of-way, landman and permit work that brings a gas lateral to a site brings the fiber, along two paths that never share a trench.

  2. STEP 2

    Light

    Fiber built or secured end to end, line system installed, waves turned up and tested before the first rack ships.

  3. STEP 3

    Join

    Each new site lands on the ring as its power comes on, and the fabric grows by one node with no outage to the rest.

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